International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development

This study presents the swelling parameters for expansive soil from Monywa Township, Saging Region. In various civil engineering projects, soil is used as a construction material and it supports structural foundation. Expansive clay soils swell when they are wetted and shrink when they are dried out. Volume changes of expansive soils can cause damages to structure resting on them. Therefore, it is essential to identify the existence of expansive soil at proposed construction site. The present study deals with the properties of expansive soils from Institute of Economic IE , Industrial Zone IZ and Hospital of Traditional Medicine HTM which are situated in Monywa Township, Sagaing Region. In order to identify and classify the expansive potential of expansive soils, performed tests on soils under study are Atterberg limit tests, Grain size analysis, Specific gravity test, Standard compaction test, Modified free swell index test and Consolidation test. Then, the expansive potential is qualitatively classified by various classification methods. In this study, swell potential and swell pressure are considered as the swell parameters. Empirical correlations for swell parameters of expansive soil from Monywa Township are proposed by using multiple linear regression analysis for three dimensional models based on free swell test results. 

Effective software cost estimation is the most challenging and important activities in software development. Developers want a simple and accurate method of efforts estimation. Estimation of the cost before starting of work is a prediction and prediction always not accurate. Software effort estimation is a very critical task in the software engineering and to control quality and efficiency a suitable estimation technique is crucial. This paper gives a review of various available software effort estimation methods, mainly focus on the algorithmic model and non  algorithmic model. These existing methods for software cost estimation are illustrated and their aspect will be discussed. No single technique is best for all situations, and thus a careful comparison of the results of several approaches is most likely to produce realistic estimation. This paper provides a detailed overview of existing software cost estimation models and techniques. This paper presents the strength and weakness of various cost estimation methods. This paper focuses on some of the relevant reasons that cause inaccurate estimation. 

Waste dumps are health and environmental hazards for the millions of people. It involves all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal i.e. collecting, transporting, disposing, re cycling and monitoring waste generated through human activities. Different types of waste viz. hospital wastes, non biodegradable wastes, biodegradable mass and toxic chemical wastes affects our health and environment. The objectives of this paper are to study the current practices related to the various waste management initiatives taken in India for human well being. It offers deep knowledge about the various waste management initiatives in India and find out the scope for improvement in the management of waste for the welfare of the society. 

by Vivek Dwivedi "Eco-Friendly Environment by Managing Waste Disposal" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3, April 2019, 

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This paper examine violence against women emanates from the social hypothesis of superiority of men over women. Insubordination of women legitimizes gender violence and grants social sanction to the ignoble treatment meted out to women. Manifestations of violence encompass physical aggression, such as blows of varying intensity, burns, sexual abuse and rape, physiological violence through insults, humiliation, coercion, blackmail, economic and emotional threats and control over speech, action and behavior. In extreme cases the result of this violence is death. The incidence of violence prevalent in man woman relationship takes place in the context of the family, state and society. In most cases the male aggression towards women and girls remains tacit, hidden or unrevealed. 

This study examines the impact of commercial banking on Nigeria industrial sector using secondary data covering the period of 1980 2018 that were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria. The models estimates were estimated via multiple econometric model of the ordinary least square to determine the effect of commercial bank credit to industrial sector, inflation, infrastructure, exchange rate, interest rate, labour force and bank capital on industrial sector proxied by industrial output. The results show that commercial bank credits to industrial sector, infrastructure, inflation, labour and bank capital have a positive impact on industrial sector while exchange rate has a negative impact on industrial sector but conforms to the a priori expectation. The study also found out that only commercial bank credits to industrial sector and infrastructure were significant in explaining industrial sector growth while other variables used in the study were all found to be non significant in explaining the growth rate of the industrial sector. The study concludes that adequate commercial banks credit intermediation in the industrial sector and government expenditure on the needed infrastructure will enhance the sector performance. 

Bagan, the Cultural Heritage City of Myanmar, was mainly composed of brick masonry monuments. Some monuments were stone masonry. All of these monuments are vulnerable to both disaster and natural degradation. In order to make proper conservation and repairing work, it is important to know the properties of ancient materials. Therefore, the physical properties and EDX analysis of the ancient bricks from different monuments of 11AD, 12AD, 13 AD and 18 AD were investigated. Due to the limited amount of samples, ancient mortar from monuments of 13 AD, and 18 AD were investigated. It is important to use the similar materials in conservation and repairing work of ancient monuments so that the physical properties and chemical characterization of the new brick from the modern brick mill near Bagan was also performed. 

Then, the physical properties unit weight, water absorption and mechanical properties compressive strength, flexural strength of ancient bricks were experimented in the laboratory. Energy-dispersive X-ray EDX analytical technique was performed for the chemical characterization of the ancient brick and mortar samples. In addition, the acid digestion test of ancient lime mortar was conducted in order to know the binder to aggregate ratio. From the evaluation of the physical properties results, ancient bricks were in good range of water absorption. The compressive strength of the ancient bricks were various due to the location of the sample, but most of them have high compressive strength. The chemical characterization results showed that the composition of the ancient bricks and modern bricks were similar but not identical. It was found that the bricks have preserved their originality against environmental and atmospheric affect and their mechanical properties showed that they were produced by appropriate technique. 

by Thet Mon San | Kyaw Kyaw | Nyan Myint Kyaw "Physical, Mechanical and Chemical Characterization on Ancient Brick Masonry of Monuments, Bagan, Myanmar" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, 

Building codes related with performance-based a seismic design contain some performance goals and levels to increase the resistance of the structure to the earthquake effect. In the finite element nonlinear-pushover analysis plastic hinge formation is one of the essential data analyzed by researchers to distinguish the location of the building where larger potential damage may happen. If the number of plastic hinges in the structure is increased, the total capacity of the structure will increase proportionally. 

On this point of view reaching the maximum number of plastic hinges must be added as the new performance goal or level to the performance-based a seismic design codes, which will dial to the highest ultimate load of the structure. In this arrangement, a number of n 1 plastic hinge can be formed to achieve the complete collapse of a known nth hyper static plane frame system. This paper presents an assessment of the a seismic performance of structure based on adding to the existing mentioned methods a new performance goal. On example of five-story plane frame system based on FEMA 440 methods, assessment results indicate that with decreasing the stiffness of the beams at the above stories the number of plastic hinges increased, and the total capacity of the frame was increased by 7.41, and 7.87, respectively. 

by Azer A. Kasimzade | Sertaç Tuhta | Gencay Atmaca | Ibrahim Alameri | Obaidullah Abrar "Novel Approach on Performance-Based Aseismic Design Based on FEMA Requirements" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1, December 2018,