International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development

In the present review special emphasis is placed on Indian medicinal plants reported for antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti allergic anti inflammatory activities and they are categorized for prioritization in research on the basis of earlier reports. The formulation is made of four herbs Ocimum sanctum L. leaves, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl. stem barks, Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizomes and Piper nigrum L. fruits. These herbs are reported to boost immunity and are active remedies to various viral diseases. Samshamani vati is made of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia Willd. Miers family Menispermaceae , and reported to be an immunomodulator. Ethanolic extracts of N. sativa seeds demonstrated antiviral properties by decreasing viral load, alpha fetoprotein, and improved liver function parameters. The leaves of neem A. indica , a popular Indian plant, is traditionally boiled and consumed for treatment of fever. As post COVID 19 complications remains a new field of study at present, investigation on long term safety profile and pharmacokinetics of potential medicinal plants can be beneficial. Crude extract or pure compounds isolated from medicinal plants and or herbs such as Artemisia annua, Agastache rugosa, Astragalus membranaceus, Cassia alata, Ecklonia cava, Gymnema sylvestre, Glycyrrhizae uralensis, Houttuynia cordata, Lindera aggregata, Lycoris radiata, Mollugo cerviana, Polygonum multiflorum, Pyrrosia lingua, Saposhnikoviae divaricate, Tinospora cordifolia etc. have shown promising inhibitory effect against coronavirus. Medicinal plants and natural products are still considered promising alternatives to prevent or treat several diseases. Since the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic in December 2019, various traditional herbal medicines have been used and resulted in positive health effects among COVID 19 patients. A total of 60 species of medicinal plants from 36 families and 54 genera were documented as being perceived. Among them, the most common families were Apiaceae 6 species , Zingiberaceae 4 species , Amaryllidaceae 4 species and Lamiaceae 4species . And most common genus were Allium 3 species , Terminalia 2 species , Mentha 2 species , Cinnamomum 2 species , and Syzygium. Likewise, the most perceived species was Zingiber officinale 39.79 followed by Curcuma angustifolia 34.11 . The habit analysis showed that the medicinal plants belonging to herb, shrub, climber, and tree species were 56.67 , 11.67 , 6.67 , and 25 respectively. Leaves 33.68 were the most predominantly used parts, followed by seeds 23.33 , fruits 21.67 , roots 13.33 , rhizomes 11.67 , whole plant 8.33 , bark 6.67 stem 1.67 , and bulb 1.67 . The most commonly used method of preparations was to grind the parts, boil with hot water or milk, and drink. 

by Dr. Sanjay Tomar "Medicinal Plants Utilized for Treatment of Corona" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45101.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/45101/medicinal-plants-utilized-for-treatment-of-corona/dr-sanjay-tomar

internationaljournalofscience, openaccessjournalofscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforscience 

The Aravalli Range also spelled Aravali is a mountain range in Northwestern India, running approximately 670 km 430 mi in a south west direction, starting near Delhi, passing through southern Haryana and Rajasthan, and ending in Gujarat. The highest peak is Guru Shikhar at 1,722 metres 5,650 ft . In Rajasthan, the range runs from Khetri in the northeast to Khed Brahma in the southwest Within Rajasthan for a length of about 550 kilometers. Aravalli’s is the oldest range of fold mountains in India. Geologically, Aravalli range can be traced back probably close of the dharwar times and is composed of rocks belonging originally to the Delhi system, folded in a synclinorium occupying the site of the geosynclines which have been deeply eroded. The Aravalli range and Hilly Region has been further sub divided into two smaller physiographic units 1. North Eastern Aravalli Range2. Central Aravalli Range3. The Mewar Rocky region and Bhorat Plateau4. Abu Block RegionThe standard ethnobotanical methods were followed. The plants were identified by available literature and flora. The data was collected though a series of field investigations. The systematic and random sampling methods were employed to study different locations. Ethnobotanical information was gathered using semi structured interviews. The paper records count 53 important plant species of medicinal value from different families. Most of the plant species belonged to family Fabaceae followed by Moraceae and Asteraceae. The study revealed that Aravalli hills Gurgaon has much useful medicinal floras, that local people can use the parts of the plant in disease treatment and can modify, the ways of formulation application administration and ingredients used in preparation. 

by Dr. Anita "General Information about the Medicinal Plants in the Aravalli Ranges, its Conservation in the Form of Aravalli Biodiversity Park, India" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43704.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/botany/43704/general-information-about-the-medicinal-plants-in-the-aravalli-ranges-its-conservation-in-the-form-of--aravalli-biodiversity-park-india/dr-anita

callforpapermedicalscience, medicalsciencejournal

Two edible plants Lablab purpureus of the Fabaceae and Cucumis sativus of the Cucurbitaceae have been studied by stress analysis. Salt stress is caused by excessive accumulation of salt in the soil, either directly because of salinization, or indirectly because of water loss. As a consequence, the soil water potential progressively decreases and eventually stopping the gradient of water flow from roots region to upper most part shoot and leaf . In this paper, both edible plant seeds are allowed to different stress conditions salt, dark and sugar . The different concentration of salt such as 10ppm, 25ppm, 50ppm, dark condition and 10ppm of sugar solution are used. Both plant seeds measurement was taken at the interval of 10 days. Generally first germination was seen within 3 days in a pot after sowing of seeds. In both plant, control pots showed normal growth of seeds. Treatments are shown the variation. Stress analysis is further confirmed by proline analysis. This paper revealed that stress analysis of entirely two different family members such as Lablab purpureus and Cucumis sativus 

by M. Dhanasekaran | G. S. Nandhakumar | R. Thayalan "Effect of Stress on Selected Edible Plants" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41314.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/botany/41314/effect-of-stress-on-selected-edible-plants/m-dhanasekaran

callforpaperpapersinjournals, specialissuepublication, multidisciplinaryjournal

 The present study is on floristic investigation and soil analysis of Thirtharampura reserve forest, Tumkur district, Karnataka, India. It is the dry deciduous type of forest contains a rich diversity of angiosperms, here we found a total of 126 taxa of 99 genera under the 41 families from this forest. Fabaceae 15 genera and 24 species was the dominant family followed by the Rubiaceae 8 genera, 9 species , Asteraceae 7 genera, 7 species , Rutaceae 5 genera, 5 species , Malvaceae 4 genera, 5 species and Moraceae 2 genera, 6 species with the medicinal, timber yielding, ornamental and wild edible plant species. The forest is majorly covered by tree species with 60 come after shrubs 21 , herbs 10 , and climbers 9 . Some important medicinal plant species like Erythroxylummonogynum, Hemidesmus indicus, Rhinacanthusnasutus, Azadirachta indica, croton bonplandianus, Diosporusmontana, Echinopsechinatus, Emblica Officinalis, were often these medicinal plants used for the treatment of pain, wounds, cuts, and fractures, etc. by the native peoples. The forest soil contains low content of nitrogen along with sulphur and copper but it has high content of Iron and Manganese nutrients. The forest was disturbed by firing, mining activities, and human activities. Only the tree species were withstanding against the firing activity, herbaceous species were lost along with new sprouting species due to firing activity in the forest. The Fabaceae species were more survive in this forest, because of nitrogen fixing capacity in their root system.

by Yatheesharadhya B | Meena H. R | Sushma G. C | Poornima M. C | Shashank A. S "Floristic Investigation and Soil Analysis of Thirtharampura Reserve Forest, Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka, India" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41221.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/botany/41221/floristic-investigation-and-soil-analysis-of-thirtharampura-reserve-forest-chikkanayakanahalli-karnataka-india/yatheesharadhya-b

internationaljournalofscience, openaccessjournalofscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforscience 

Invasive alien plant species are major thread to biodiversity, climate change and environmental sustainability. Management of these invasive alien plant species become a typical task at global level. Composting can be an efficient and environment friendly solution for management of these invasive alien species. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of compost prepared from three invasive alien species Cuscutareflexa, Eupatorium adenophorum and Lantana camaraon the tomato plant vigour, antioxidant and nutrient content under water deficit and irrigated well watered conditions. The results revealed that Cuscutareflexa CR compost treatment gave highest shoot length 23.0 , 23.7 , root length 30.0 , 21.4 , shoot fresh weight 47.9 , 52.2 , shoot dry weight 71.0 , 49.4 and root dry weight 66.7 , 51.5 , under water stressand irrigated conditions, respectively. The application of compostCR under water stress has enhanced chlorophyll and prolinecontent over control. Similarly, antioxidant enzymes analysis showed the increased superoxide dismutase 1.33 2.17fold , peroxidase 1.38 1.82fold and catalase 1.06 1.73fold activity under water deficit condition. Nutrient content such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sodiumin tomato leaf were higher under both water stress and irrigated conditions compared to their respective control. It can be concluded from above outcomes that compost prepared from invasive alien species have potential to ameliorate the negative effects of water stress and enhance the tomato growth. 

by Sandhya Bind | A. K. Sharma "Impact of Compost Prepared from Invasive Alien Species in Alleviating Water Stress in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39961.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/39961/impact-of-compost-prepared-from-invasive-alien-species-in-alleviating-water-stress-in-tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-l/sandhya-bind

openaccessjournalofengineering, engineeringjournal, paperpublicationforengineering

Weeds are serious issue around the world causing crop yield reduction in agricultural fields. However, several studies proclaim the uses of weed plant species as plant growth enhancer because of their unique phytochemical composition present in smoke when pyrolysed. This idea has been inspired by the discovery of karrikins, a class of smoke elicitors that cues the seedling germination in several plant species. The present review is mainly aimed towards the application of weed derived smoke to regulate the plant growth in positive manner. Smoke water prepared from pyrolysed weed emerged out as more powerful in promoting the plant development of agriculturally and medicinally. The smoke technology can be one of the useful management strategies in future with cost effective and environmental friendly inputs. 

by Shaiphali Saxena "Burnt Weed Smoke Can Enhance Plant Growth: A Proper Weed Management" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39954.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/39954/burnt-weed-smoke-can-enhance-plant-growth-a-proper-weed-management/shaiphali-saxena

ugcjournallist, listofugcapprovedjournals, researchpublication

Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus that is widely distributed in the soil, plant material, decaying vegetation, and wood. It belongs to the family Hypocreaceae. They have high potential for colonizing their habitats and have various applications in food industry, agriculture, as a biocontrol agent with mechanism involving antibiosis, competition, mycoparasitism, promotion of plant growth, solubilization and sequestration of inorganic plant nutrients, inducing resistance and inactivating pathogen’s enzymes and also as a source of transgene. The major driving force for investigation of biocontrol with Trichoderma is sustainability. As a plant symbiont and effective mycoparasites, numerous species of this genus have the potential to become biofungicides. the extensive studies on Trichoderma, including its diverse physiological traits available, is still progressing and making these fungi versatile model organisms for research on both industrial fermentations as well as natural phenomena. 

by Jasmine Chughasrani | Abhishikta Dasgupta | Rutuja Das "Applications of Trichoderma- A Review" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38341.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/38341/applications-of-trichoderma-a-review/jasmine-chughasrani

peerreviewedinternationaljournal, callforpaperinugcapprovedjournals, paperpublicationforstudent

Dyes and dyestuffs find use in a wide range of industries but are of primary importance to textile manufacturing. Wastewater from the textile industry can contain a variety of polluting substances including dyes. Increasingly, environmental legislation is being imposed to control the release of dyes, in particular fabric based compounds, into the environment. The ability of microorganisms to decolourise and metabolise dyes has long been known, and the use of bioremediation based technologies for treating textile wastewater has attracted interest. Within this review, we investigate the mechanisms by which diverse categories of microorganisms, such as the white rot fungi and anaerobic bacterial consortia, bring about the degradation of dyestuffs. Rapid industrialization has given rise to various unwanted elements that accumulated in the biosphere up to toxic levels to degrade the natural environment. Scientific developments are considered as key factors for progress of both developing and under developed countries, but unfortunately, most of the industries in these countries do not have proper waste treatment facilities and releasing a large quantity of effluents. A majority of xenobiotics either untreated or partially treated released from industries are mixed up with the natural water bodies and to the soil of the biosphere. Untreated or partially treated textile effluents are highly toxic, as they contain a large number of toxic chemicals and heavy metals. The problem of water pollution due to the discharge of industrial wastewater into natural water bodies was witnessed by western countries in 19th century and also in India after independence 

by Rekha Soni "Degradation of Industrial Fabric Dyes used in Sanganer Area by Endophytic Microbes" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38360.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/38360/degradation-of-industrial-fabric-dyes-used-in-sanganer-area-by-endophytic-microbes/rekha-soni

internationaljournalofmanagement, callforpapermanagement, managementjournal 

Fungi and bacteria have been known to degrade dye particles and other coloring agents. However in the present investigation fungal enzymes deteriorate monument walls and make them ugly. The various historical monuments have been made cracked by fungal and bacterial enzymes like lipase, cellulose, ligninase, pectinase etc. These are secreted by their cell wall. Fungi and bacteria release these enzymes and in presence of moisture and suitable temperature and environmental conditions degrade and break the walls of monuments by deteriorating their rocks and calcium particles. Also various magnesium particles are broken by fungal and bacterial enzymes by growth of fungi in long period of time. The fungi and bacteria have the ability to grow fast also and they continue their growth in historical monuments. 

by Dr. Anuradha Chauhan | Ravindra Goswami | Dr. Seema Bhadauria "Taxonomic Identification of Micro-Organisms Growing on and Cause Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage of Agra and Mathura Region" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38238.pdf

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/38238/taxonomic-identification-of-microorganisms-growing-on-and-cause-biodeterioration-of-cultural-heritage-of-agra-and-mathura-region/dr-anuradha-chauhan

internationaljournalsinengineering, callforpaperengineering, ugcapprovedengineeringjournal 

The present study deals with comprehensive list of invasive alien species in the flora of Ballari district with background information on family, habit and nativity. Total 215 invasive alien species belonging to 168 genera under 68 families were documented. It was prepared based on history, species origin, species behavior and field observations. Literature and websites were consulted extensively for relevant publications. Almost 54 are native to Tropical America contribute maximum proportion to the invasive alien flora of Ballari district. Habit wise analysis shows herbaceous species share 119 56 species, followed by shrubs 35 16 , climbers 20 9 and trees 42 19 . Among 68 families, Asteraceae is the most dominant family with 27 species 25 followed by Ceasalpinaceae with 14 species 13 . There is an imperative need to listing regional data on exotic species in order to study the impact on local vegetation and survey the worldwide pattern of species invasion. 

BY K. Kotresh | M. Siddeshwari "Alien Flora of Ballari District, Karnataka, India" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35850.pdf

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/35850/alien-flora-of-ballari-district-karnataka-india/k-kotresh

callforpaperarts, artsjournal, peerreviewedjournal 

A plant bio stimulant is any substance or microorganism applied to plants with the aim to enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance and or crop quality traits, regardless of its nutrients content.A research was conducted to determine the effect of bio stimulant on the growth of Cowpea Vignaunguiculata L. . Soil samples were collected from two local Government area of Kano state namely Dambatta and Makoda Sudan savanna . The result showed that across the soil there was no significant difference in the height of cowpea at week four of planting whereas a significant difference was observed in the Spad value. At week eight the result also showed that cowpea plant treated with bio stimulant in Makoda was significantly higher in terms of height, similarly for SPAD values. The least value in terms of height and chlorophyll content was recorded in control 1 and 2.The results also showed that the mean number of nodules was found to be higher in Cowpea inoculated with bio stimulant 8.90 followed by the Cowpea inoculated with bio stimulant and fertilizer 7.10 and the least root noodles was counted in control 1 4.1 . For root length, significant difference was detected at both week four and eight 7.6 and 16.2 in cowpea plant treated with bio stimulant in Makoda soil sample respectively. There is need to inoculate Cowpea since there was significant difference between the treatments. 

by Mustapha Saidu Abdullahi | Aminu Salisu Mu’azu "Effects of Star Bio-stimulant on the Growth of Cowpea {Vignaunguiculata (L.)MERR.} Planted in Soils from Makoda and Dambatta Local government areas of Kano State" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38056.pdf

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/38056/effects-of-star-biostimulant-on-the-growth-of-cowpea-{vignaunguiculata-lmerr}-planted-in-soils-from-makoda-and-dambatta-local-government-areas-of-kano-state/mustapha-saidu-abdullahi

callforpaperlanguages, languagesjournal, bestjournal

by E. Sreenivasan "Preliminary Report on Multiple Harvests of Microgreens from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Seeds" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33337.pdf

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/33337/preliminary-report-on-multiple-harvests-of-microgreens-from-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-seeds/e-sreenivasan

callforpaperpapersinjournals, specialissuepublication, multidisciplinaryjournal

Paper and pulp industry are considered as 17th most polluting industry due to its highly coloured and toxic wastewater discharge in the environment. A number of heavy metals get mixed within the agricultural soil through the paper mill discharge. These heavy metals are potent phytotoxic and they have huge negative impact on plant health. To minimize these impacts and to improve crop health deliberate application of chemical fertilizers is very common in present days but these chemical fertilizers are destroying the soil and plant health tremendously. In this situation rhizosphere researches suggest the concept of the application of PGPR. The group of root colonizing bacteria which enhance plant growth and development are called Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria PGPR . This group of bacteria improve plant’s growth by direct as well as indirect mechanisms. These mechanisms involve IAA production, siderophore production, soil structure formation, decomposition of organic matter, solubilization of minerals, degrading organic pollutants, biocontrol of seed borne pathogens etc. In present study we have focused on isolation and characterization of PGPRs from paper mill effluent infested soil. 

by Ananya Roy Chowdhury "Isolation and Characterization of PGPR from Paper Mill Effluent Infested Area" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32930.pdf 

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/32930/isolation-and-characterization-of-pgpr-from-paper-mill-effluent-infested-area/ananya-roy-chowdhury

internationaljournalsofcomputerscience, callforpapercomputerscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforcomputerscience