International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development

The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. 

by Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos

callforpaperpharmacy, pharmacyjournal, internationalpeerreviewedjournal

Fundamental right is the key factor of Indian constitution. Part III of the constitution deals with fundamental rights of the inhabitants and citizens of India. The part consists of 21 articles article2, article 12 to 32. A democracy aims at the maximum development of the individuals personality, and the personality of the individual is inspeciably bound with the literacy  – largely saying the fundamental rights. The common device that is adopted by most of them is to incorporate the list of fundamental rights in their constitutions and guarantees them from violation by the executive and legislature authorities. 

Dr. Ranjana Garg "Fundamental Rights: The Indian Nature" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45028.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45028/fundamental-rights-the-indian-nature/dr-ranjana-garg

callforpaperlifesciences, lifesciencesjournal, researchpapers

India’s Northeast region comprises of eight states, mostly surrounded by international borders and connecting with mainland India via narrow about 22 K.M wide “Chicken neck-. Although the region has geographical, cultural and racial proximity to India’s east and southeastern neighbors, strategic consideration of the colonial and post colonial regimes kept the region landlocked and peripheral. The proclamation of India’s Look east policy, later rechristened as the Act East policy stimulated expectation that the region would be benefited and would get liberation from the prolonged backwardness. Connectivity, particularly sub regional connectivity is a major element of the Act East policy and as the launch pad of the policy many sub regional connectivity projects are initiated through the Northeastern states. However, the materialization of many of such projects and how far these projects would contribute to development endeavor of the region is still a matter of discussion due to various internal and external factors. 

Eeshanee Pachani "Connectivity Projects through Northeast India: An Overview from the Perspective of India’s Act East Policy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43856.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/43856/connectivity-projects-through-northeast-india-an-overview-from-the-perspective-of-india’s-act-east-policy/eeshanee-pachani

callforpapertechnology, technologyjournal

No doubt, effective public policy intervention scheme is a function of its human capitals HCs , governance, implementation strategies, and the impact it has on the citizens. However, the continuous neglect of the HCs capability based approach in the various communities and villages informed the need for this paper. With obvious mis match between HCD food security indicators and the general development needs in various past policy design interventions schemes, this paper proposes a conceptual model that would help bridge the gap between policy intervention schemes, and the actual human capital development needs of the people. Findings revealed that Local community driven human capital interventions LCHCIs based on citizen and community participation remains indispensable in the fight against hunger and sustainable development. Based on the entire assessment of the scheme policy performance and outcome, it is safe to conclude that the food security programme has no significant impact on hunger reduction. 

Ukeje, O. Ikechukwu | Prof. Chukwuemeka, Emma. "Public Policy Implementation and Government Intervention Schemes in Nigeria: A Participatory Human Capital Development Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd42554.

pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/42554/public-policy-implementation-and-government-intervention-schemes-in-nigeria-a-participatory-human-capital-development-approach/ukeje-o-ikechukwu

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This study investigated the influence of workforce diversity on employees’ performance in Nigeria’s public service using Rivers State civil service as a case study. Good service delivery cannot be achieved where the personnel manager does not value the diversity that exists in the organization since it is the employees’ similarities and differences put together that lead to organizational effectiveness. To achieve the aims of this study, the following research questions were raised does workforce diversity exist in Rivers State Civil Service What are the various forms of diversity that exist in Rivers state civil service To what extent does diversity influence employees’ job performance Oral and previous works on the subject matter were used to answers questions. Methodologically, this study adopted the descriptive design and relied heavily on primary and secondary data, which guaranteed face and content validity while the analysis was anchored on Equity Theory. Conclusively, the study revealed that there can only be quality job performance and better service delivery in Rivers State Civil Service through a personnel manager who practices respect for human dignity, fairness and equity to avoid employees’ resentment.

by Ihuah, Glory Chinanu "Impact of Workforce Diversity on Employees’ Performance in Nigeria Public Service: A Study of Rivers State Civil Service, 2010- 2017" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41222.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/political-science/41222/impact-of-workforce-diversity-on-employees’-performance-in-nigeria-public-service-a-study-of-rivers-state-civil-service-2010-2017/ihuah-glory-chinanu

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The main purpose of this paper is to draw the nexus between environment and conflict with the concept of redefining security. This paper is aimed to answer the question whether environmental degradation or environment as a broad concept can lead to a conflict directly, if it can do so then how this will be the central question of this Paper. To do so, some relevant case studies will be framed to show the nexus between environment and conflict. Finally, there will be concluding remarks which will draw the critical perspective behind Environmental Conflict. 

by Fatema-Tuj-Juhra "Environmental Conflict: Myth or Reality?" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42451.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/political-science/42451/environmental-conflict-myth-or-reality/fatematujjuhra

callforpapereconomics, economicsjournal

Conflicts are an integral part of any society, and negotiations are regarded as the most effective tool of conflict management or conflict resolution. In situations, when it is difficult for the parties to resolve the conflict by themselves due to several factors, a third party is involved in a negotiation process. Political mediation has been an effective way in resolving disputes in international relations. In this article, the author seeks to analyze conflict management, nature of political mediation and provide important insights of political mediation, its types, strategies, role of mediators in international conflict management and mediation bias in case of 1979 Iranian hostage crisis. 

by Mavluda Nurmetova "Concept of Political Mediation in International Conflict Management" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42510.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/political-science/42510/concept-of-political-mediation-in-international-conflict-management/mavluda-nurmetova

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This paper generally appraised the degree of impact of the prioritization of public opinion on public policy formulation in Nigeria. The Ruga Settlement Policy of the Muhammadu Buhari Administration which this study selected as its specific study focus was used as a mirror through which this research work examined the extent to which the relative interplay between public opinion priorization and public policy formulation has over time, contributed in determining the stability of the Nigerian polity. The study relied on secondary sources of data for reviewed literature and analysis. It adopted Elite Theory as its theoretical framework. Through the instrumentality of relevant literatures reviewed, this study revealed that the formulation of public policies in Nigerian has always been characterized by less attention given to the prioritization of public opinion, imposition, seclusiveness and preference to elite, ethnic and nepotistic interests. The Ruga Settlement Policy which is the primary focus of this study reflected the above mentioned symptomic variables. With reference to the Ruga Settlement Policy, this study also revealed that the efficacy of public opinion in Nigeria has the capacity to halt the implementation of unpopular public policies. The study recommended that the Nigerian government should holistically promote the exclusive restriction of problem identification to the target beneficiaries, prior to embarking on public policy formulation. The study further recommended that civil society groups, as well as other well meaning Nigerians and socio cultural groups, should always provide a viable check against the implementation of unpopular public policies. 

by Kenneth Nwoko "Policy Formulation and the Prioritization of Public Opinion in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Ruga Policy of President Muhammadu Buhari Administration" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38648.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38648/policy-formulation-and-the-prioritization-of-public-opinion-in-nigeria-an-assessment-of-the-ruga-policy-of-president-muhammadu-buhari-administration/kenneth-nwoko

callforpaperchemistry, chemistryjournal, openaccessjournalofchemistry 

This article examines crucial issues in the US Chinese relations during the Trump administration considering the issues like Trade war and geopolitical situation in Asia Pacific region. This research explores the main directions of Sino American relations in the period of presidency of Donald Trump, as well as the recent trends and perspectives on cooperation between the two states. The following conclusions are coming to end First, the U.S. government can continue, in the nearest future, to put pressure on China on issues such as human rights, civil society development, and Internet freedom. This pressure will be reflected in China, especially among educated youth and the growing middle class. The preservation and consolidation of American positions in the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans is forcing Beijing to focus on the resource and transit potential of mainland Eurasia One Belt One Road , highlighting the growing importance of Russia and Central Asia for China’s strategy. Second, the U.S. administration’s attitude toward China remains moderate, despite occasional changes. The tendency for bilateral dialogue and mutually beneficial cooperation prevails. Third, there was unequivocal support from both houses of Congress for the Trump administration’s new tough demands on China. Existing problems between the parties, in particular, China’s close cooperation with Russia, further complicate the situation to the detriment of China. Fourth, the positive development of bilateral relations will contribute to ensuring international political, economic, environmental stability and global security. Fifth, China’s economic development and growing international position are intensifying competition in bilateral relations not only in the Asia Pacific region, but also in the rest of regions of the Globe.

by Uchkun Dustov "Comparative Analysis of US- China Relations during Trump Administration" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38540.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38540/comparative-analysis-of-us-china-relations-during-trump-administration/uchkun-dustov

callforpapertechnology, technologyjournal

This paper is an inquisition on the impact of primordial politics on democratic consolidation in Nigerias fourth republic. Data for the research was gathered from secondary sources including Books, Journals, Newspapers, Magazines, and the Internet. The analysis of the data gathered was based on the historical descriptive method which attempts to understand the phenomenon of primordial politics by determining it process of evolution, growth, and dynamic of internal changes. Findings revealed that socio political and economic deprivation amounting to internal colonialism by one section of the country over the others has bred frustration leading to recourse to ethnicism as expressed in the pattern of voting. The paper therefore recommends, Constitutional amendments, rotational presidency and two party system as a panacea for nationalism. 

by Diri, Benjamin B. | Godwin Isaiah Jaja "Primordial Politics and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38537.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38537/primordial-politics-and-democratic-consolidation-in-nigeria’s-fourth-republic/diri-benjamin-b

callforpaperinternationaljournal, ugclistofjournals, bestinternationaljournal 

Intergovernmental relation is an integral part of modern political systems. This study aimed at ascertaining the existing relationship between the federal and local governments in Nigeria the role of the federal government in the development and governance of the local governments and the challenges facing local governments’ development in Nigeria. The study adopted Power Theory. Data were obtained from secondary sources such as textbooks, journals, seminar papers. Content analysis was used in analyzing and interpreting the collected data. The study revealed that jurisdictional allocation of tax generation rights to the three tiers of government is not favourable to the Local Government. The study further revealed that corruption, poor leadership, and the continued usurpation of local government statutory rights, privileges, and autonomy undermined local developments at the grass root level. Based on the above findings the following recommendations were made there should be a constitutional review or amendment that should address the imbalance in the pattern of intergovernmental relations that existed among the three tiers of government which is presently at the detriment of local governments. Nigeria government should restructure the current jurisdictional tax generation system which did not favour local government councils in Nigeria. 

by Kenneth, Nwoko | Asiegbu, Victor Iheanyichukwu "Federal-Local Relations and the Status of Governance and Development in Local Government System in Nigeria" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38631.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38631/federallocal-relations-and-the-status-of-governance-and-development-in-local-government-system-in-nigeria/kenneth-nwoko

callforpaperarts, artsjournal, peerreviewedjournal 

This paper is an inquisition on the impact of primordial politics on democratic consolidation in Nigerias fourth republic. Data for the research was gathered from secondary sources including Books, Journals, Newspapers, Magazines, and the Internet. The analysis of the data gathered was based on the historical descriptive method which attempts to understand the phenomenon of primordial politics by determining it process of evolution, growth, and dynamic of internal changes. Findings revealed that socio political and economic deprivation amounting to internal colonialism by one section of the country over the others has bred frustration leading to recourse to ethnicism as expressed in the pattern of voting. The paper therefore recommends, Constitutional amendments, rotational presidency and two party system as a panacea for nationalism. 

by Diri, Benjamin B. | Godwin Isaiah Jaja "Primordial Politics and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38537.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38537/primordial-politics-and-democratic-consolidation-in-nigeria’s-fourth-republic/diri-benjamin-b

callforpaperinternationaljournal, ugclistofjournals, bestinternationaljournal 

In the context of the systemic transformation of international relations and the global challenges of the new order, States faced a whole range of problems, the solution of which was beyond the power of individual institutions or structures at the regional or global levels. It was the states at the individual and collective levels that were able to mobilize internal and external financial resources, work out a package of anti crisis measures and keep the development of their own economies in a relatively resistant state, and ensure the revival of the dynamics of development. 

by Ulugbeck A. Khasanov | Khabibullo Sadibakosev "Imperative of Nation-State in Modern World" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38581.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38581/imperative-of-nationstate-in-modern-world/ulugbeck-a-khasanov

internationaljournalsofcomputerscience, callforpapercomputerscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforcomputerscience 

Contemporary complex international challenges demonstrates inability for many nations to solve a large range of issues of internal development solely or independently. This situation has a many aspects and the search for ways to build socio economic resilience and stability remains actual for most of them. Existing controversies or even negative past experience of the former Soviet administrative management have proven the necessity to preserve and develop intensive efforts to counterbalance the prolonged collapse of the former unitary system. 

by Dr. U. Khasanov "Regional Determinants of Central Asian Development" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38501.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38501/regional-determinants-of-central-asian-development/dr-u-khasanov

callforpapermathematics, mathematicsjournal, ugcapprovedjournalsinmathemetics

The rise of the social networking sites in the early 2000s, has led to the increase in the worlds networked population. Social media ensured that people have greater access to information, content and opportunities to engage in public sphere to undertake united action. Social media has entered into our daily lives and it influences people and organizations all over the world involving many actors regular citizens, social activists, non governmental organizations, telecommunications companies, software service providers, and also governments at large. Social media revolution in Indian politics is real and its impact can be assessed by General elections of 2014 and 2019. The General election of 2014 was regarded as the 1st social media election of India due to the ever increasing use of social media by political actors. Nevertheless, Social media has also impacted politics in all major states including West Bengal. No doubt social media is now being seriously considered by the West Bengal political parties as a mean to reach out to the electorate, but will it influence the 2021 Assembly Elections in the same way as in Obama’s Presidential elections This paper analyses the reach of West Bengal based parties in various social media platforms. 

by Rajarshi Guha "Social Media and West Bengal Political Parties: A Brief Analysis" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38402.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38402/social-media-and-west-bengal-political-parties-a-brief-analysis/rajarshi-guha

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War is a source of great concern to society. Its destructive potential is much, and it is unlikely to be eliminated. War is destructive, but it is a means to achieve lasting peace. Thus, it is part of societal evolution. To this end, Karl Von Clausewitz wrote on the philosophy of war. Therefore, this study systematically explored the concept of war, Clausewitz paradigm of war, the contemporary Clausewitz warfare and the anti Clausewitz perspective of war. The study was based on the qualitative method. The major sources of data collection were books, lecture notes, journals and internet materials. Data analysis was done through content analysis. The study concluded that Clausewitzs approach to war is dialectical. On war, he used polarities to rationalise a subject of great depth and breadth. Clausewitz consistently presents an observation with its opposite. The theory was set against practice moral forces are compared with physical force. Clausewitz can be separated from other military scholars by the wholeness’ of his approach and the reality he brings to the discussion of war. There was an attack, and there was a defense. Clausewitz constructed a beautiful pendulum in explaining the phenomenon and philosophy of War. 

by Eyina, Nkatomba N | Dabo Ann | Osazuwa, Joseph Ambrose "Conceptualisation of War: Clausewitzian and Anti-Clausewitzian Perspectives" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38375.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38375/conceptualisation-of-war-clausewitzian-and-anticlausewitzian-perspectives/eyina-nkatomba-n

callforpapereconomics, economicsjournal

by Nuriyman Abulkhasan "The Negative Impact of the Birtual Threats to the Political Stability of the Society" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia , October 2020, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35795.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/35795/the-negative-impact-of-the-birtual-threats-to-the-political-stability-of-the-society/nuriyman-abulkhasan

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