International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development

COVID 19 coronavirus is one of the highly infectious and transmittable disease caused by SARS COV 2 that human era has ever faced. At the end of December 2019, novel virus named COVID 19 emerged in large seafood market at Wuhan china, causing respiratory infections thereby death cases is numerically increasing in lakh due to rapid transmission of virus. Background Global covid 19 pandemic generate a pressing need to upgrade food establishments with standard Food safety protocols which are required to keep their premises safe for their guests and customers. Objectives The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice among food handlers. Methodology A voluntary online survey was conducted among food handlers working in different food outlets and star hotels in TamilNadu, India. A questionnaire was structured and mailed to the participants. Results A total of 53 responses have been recorded. In which ninety seven percentage respondents are male and three percentage of respondents are female. Ninety three percent of the respondents are aware that hand dryers are not effective in killing coronavirus. Eighty five percent of respondents strongly agreed to the statement of educating patients, household members and caregivers about covid 19. Conclusion The results of this study show that, majority of the food handlers has excellent knowledge, hygienic practice and awareness of covid 19. 

The scientific name of Punarnava is Boerhavia Diffusa Linn. According to Ayurveda, punarnava is a species of flowering plant. Maximum 25 of today's prescription drug come from plant extract. Mostly medicinal plants come from tropic. Punarnava means Bring back to life'. It is bitter in taste and has cooling effect. Punarnava root is analgesic, diuretic, laxative, anticonvulsant, expectorant. It is useful in blood impurities, anaemia, heart disease, kidney disease, asthama. It is help to treat inflammatory condition such as gout, edema, arthritis. It reduces inflammation in the body organ including heart, lungs, kidney, bones. According to Unani system of medicine, the leaves are appetizer, useful in ophthalmia, in joint pains. Seeds of punarnava are tonic expectorant, carminative, useful in lumbago, scabies. 

Background The new Joint Monitoring program for drinking water ladder classification defines safely managed water as water coming from an improved source and free from contamination. The sustainable development goal 6.1 targets scaling up the population using safely managed drinking water by 2030. Reports from the weekly epidemiological data on diseases under surveillance in Fako division, indicates waterborne related diseases as the second and third leading diseases under surveillance. Reports also reveal higher burden of gastro intestinal disorders in the rainy season compared to the dry season. The study aimed to assess drinking water quality in the dry and rainy seasons from water sources catchments to point of use at households , in terms of some microbial and physiochemical pollution, in Fako, Division, Cameroon.Method This Longitudinal study was carried out from January to June 2018. A probability proportionate to size was used to select 15 randomly selected drinking water catchments from the four health districts in Fako Buea, Limbe, Muyuka and Tiko . Drinking water samples were collected following standard protocol from each catchment, then one randomly selected standpipe from each catchment and one randomly selected household from each catchment. The samples were then stored in a cold chain and taken to the laboratory within 6 hours for analysis microbial, physiochemical and heavy metals in the catchments and microbial in the public standpipes and households . The seasonal variation of the different contaminant at the different water points were determined using independent sample t test. The mean TPC total plate count and CFC coliform count were compared in the different season at different water point. Pearson correlation analysis established an association between the different physicochemical parameters of water samples. Data were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 20, and office excel 2010. Results This study found that the mean TPC at source during rainy season had a high statistically significant mean 157.50±380mm l compared to TPC mean during dry season 11.00±26.5mm l , t 23 =1.386, P=0.047.Also at the level of the tap, the mean CFC during rainy season was statistically higher 4.75±9.08mm l compared to mean CFC during the dry season 0.58±1.73mm l , t 22 =1.56, P=0.012.At the household level ,the mean CFC during the rainy season was statistically higher 14.42±17 24mm l compared to mean CFC during dry season 0.30±0.94mm l ,t 20 =2.575 P=0.018. Though not statistically significant, the water at the catchments was softer in the dry season compared to the rainy season. There was a strong positive association between water hardness and EC 25°C µs cm r=0.981, P 0.01 .On the other hand, pH is negatively correlated with EC 25°C µs cm and Hardness mg L r= 0.680, r= .662, p 0.01 . The study concludes that there is a significant difference in the seasonal variation in the microbial contaminants from drinking water catchments through public standpipes to households. We recommend adequate monitoring and surveillance of drinking water by all stakeholders through the institution of a Water Safety Plan team. 

AIM The aims and objective of the present study was to know the level of awareness of the food handlers regarding food sanitation and hygiene while handling food. To observe and study the sanitation and hygiene practices followed by the food handlers of the food joint. OBJECTIVE Diseases spread through food still remain a common and persistent problems resulting in appreciable morbidity and occasional mortality. Food handlers play an important role in ensuring food safety throughout the chain of production, processing, storage and preparation. 1 In large scale cooking, food is handled by many individuals, which increases the chances of food contamination due to improper handling and service. Intentional or accidental contamination of food during large scale production might endanger the health of consumers, and have very expensive repercussions on the public. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the food safety knowledge, and sanitation practices among institutional food handlers in Hyderabad. MATERIALS AND METHODS The survey was administered orally, and responses were recorded on questionnaires by the handlers. The survey included 35 questions that had information on restaurant and food handler demographics, food safety knowledge, behaviors, and personal hygiene. The knowledge questions were in true false, multiple choice, and open ended format. The primary subject areas in this study included appropriate temperatures for cooking, heating, and cooling foods, cross contamination, and behavioral questions such as working while ill and hand hygiene practices. RESULT We learn that most of the food service establishments in Hyderabad are aware of the basic hygiene practices. They are very particular about the personal hygiene of the staff and sanitation of the food being prepared. They take proper care of the ingredients and are concerned about their hygiene. Majority of the personnel have not undergone a food safety training program but wanted to be a part of it. CONCLUSION The study suggests that even though the knowledge, attitude and practice level of the food handlers was satisfactory, some of the aspects related to hygiene and time and temperature control need to be stressed. Continuous education and training should be organized to strengthen food handlers knowledge in areas which seem to be lacking. 

The emergence of Internet of things IoT , new computing networking paradigms such as cloud computing and fog computing , cloud computing, and machine learning has revolutionized traditional healthcare and led to the dawn of a new era of smart healthcare. Smart healthcare is a huge market opportunity because it improves lots of lives with the smart health solutions. Stakeholders around the globe are seeking innovative, cost effective ways to deliver patient centered, technology enabled smart health care, both inside and outside hospital walls. This paper provides a primer on smart healthcare. 

Individual health and hygiene is largely dependent on adequate availability of drinking water and proper sanitation. Therefore, a direct relationship between water, sanitation and health. Consumption of unsafe drinking water, improper disposal of human excreta, improper environmental sanitation and lack of personal and food hygiene have been major causes of many diseases in developing countries and India is no exception to this. Sanitation is one of the basic determinants of quality of life and human development index. Good sanitary practices prevent contamination of water and soil and thereby prevent diseases. The concept of sanitation was, therefore, expanded to include personal hygiene, home sanitation, safe water, garbage disposal, excreta disposal and waste water disposal. The present research aim to study sanitation practices followed by the household in the PanhalaTaluka. For the study hygiene index was prepared and household sanitation practices were assessing. The study result reveals that households are following the hygiene practices in terms of defection and hand washing habits, however the score is less in terms of water related hygiene practices and domestic waste management. 

Living within the lap of nature is an ecstasy. The need of the hour is to conserve and safeguard the aura and ecological life balance of nature. This menace may be fought against solely by creating awareness in the society. 'œCleaning and organizing is a practice and not a project' Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a mission towards protecting our environment from getting filthy. It was a major step taken by the Government of India and the objective is to eliminate open defection, conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets and eradication of manual scavenging. Cooperation of people is mandatory to make Swachh Bharat Abhiyan mission successful. 

The dusty and stained walls have been transformed into beautiful art piece like that of thane station area. The dump yard which was filled with garbage and of course the unbearable stink have been cleaned. The garbage which was overflowing has been picked up. On the other hand there are residents with poor hygiene which needs to be improved. People talk about litter around them but are not taking any measures to dispose it. It should not just be the responsibility of the '˜safaai kaamgar' who clean the particular area. 

By Supreeta Desai, | Prof. Sudeshna Roy" A Review of Cleanliness Mission 'œSwachh Bharat Abhiyan'- A Survey done for Thane District"