International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development

Sewage Sludge contains high amount of nutrients in the form of wastewater. This wastewater is treated in Sewage treatment plant and separation of Sludge from wastewater is taken out using various type of technology. The sludge separated from wastewater is further treated in sludge treatment unit and removal of maximum amount of water is done using various equipment. The treated water is reused for various purposes or discharge into river bodies and the sludge after treatment are sending to disposal site. This study focuses on the utilization of this sewage sludge as a fertilizer and comparison of this sludge with chemical fertilizer. The content of nutrient in sewage shows significant results on application with various plants and discussed the effect of sewage farming on soil quality. 

Education is the most potent instrument of individual development, social transformation and means of national development. It helps to individual to acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes, which enable them to develop their faculties in full and thereby improve the quality of life for themselves, their communities and the nation as a whole. The objective of the study is to find the effect of 5 E learning cycle model on Achievement in Social Science in Std. 8 . The lesson transcript for teaching selected content based on 5E learning cycle model developed by Rodger Bybee of ‘The Biological Science Curriculum Study is planned for study. The sample of the study has been selected in two stages. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for selecting the schools from Surat city, than two sections of eighth standard in both the schools lottery method was used to select the classes for the experiment. The section consisted of 60 students. Randomized pretest posttest match design was adopted as the research design for the study The mean, standard deviation, ‘t test and ANOVA are the statistical technique used. It is concluded that it is significant difference on Achievement score of Experimental and control group and 5E learning cycle model is more effective in enhancing Achievement in Social Science when compared to Traditional Method. 

Tuberculosis TB stays one of the deadliest irresistible ailments in charge of millions of passings every year over the world. In this paper we present a general review of TB including the pathogenesis, analysis, and treatment rules. In readiness of this review, we scanned PubMed for pertinent articles on TB. Furthermore, we looked through the sites of global establishments like the World Health Organization WHO and the US Centers for Disease control and Prevention CDC for related reports and clinical rules. This paper has been composed with the goal to offer general training to wellbeing experts, arrangement producers, patients and the general population. 

Design thinking refers to a formal method for solving problems and providing solutions. It is one of the promising ways of transforming organizations. Researchers working in several disciplines continue to study the ways designers think. This paper provides a short introduction to design thinking and emphasizes the need of design thinking in undergraduate decision making courses. 

This paper provides the phonological properties of the alignment and the economical procedures of the epenthesis at the syllable structure of the words in Aligarh Urdu. The paper determines the behavior of certain segments that attach to its own neighboring words and elaborates the economy of the syllable structure of tokens in a particular language. In Aligarh Urdu, there are various types of segmental processes in terms of addition or deletion of phonemes that affects to the root and alters the entire physical mechanism structure of words. The objectives of this paper are to know the exact economic conditions of syllable structures in the words after the addition, elision and alignment of segments in Aligarh Urdu. All the process of conflicts between the addition and deletion of the segments will manipulate within the framework of constraint rankings in Optimality Theory Prince and Smolensky, 1993 . The general purpose of this paper is to reveal the whole criteria of implications of principles of Optimality Theory and explore the actual framework of syllables with their marginal and obligatory components. The researcher governs the phonological property of consonant clusters with the help of faithfulness constraints and markedness constraints. The architecture of root word completely varies from the artificial formulation of other words, but after the imposition of constraints, we reveal the concrete fact of linguistic items in a specific language. The groundwork of this paper leads to the systematic phenomena of epenthesis and the elimination of vowels or consonants with the tenets of OT. This paper deals with the gradient property of segments that alters the framework of underlying form and affected by some other features at the surface form. The generalization of each step of the syllable structure of words should be related to the positional variation of input and output candidates. The conflicts between input and output candidates to become the winner as an optimal candidate can be solved only on the presence of constraint rankings that are evolving in the Optimality Theory. 

In this paper, three special classes of congruence of prime modulus of higher degree are considered for formulation and authors efforts established the formulae for solutions. The congruence were not formulated by earlier mathematicians. Due to this formulation, it becomes an easy task to solve the congruence of higher degree of prime modulus reducing the congruence to their equivalent quadratic congruence of prime modulus. Formulations of the congruence is the merit of the paper. 

Equivalent to 12.4 per cent of the worlds GDP is $US14.76Trillion – which is the cost and impact of violence to the global economy in 2018. Redistributing this figure to the worlds population, $US1.988 will be each person on the planets entitlement. Violence, as a development impediment increases enormous weight on conflict affected countries economies like Cameroon, Syria et al. In Syria, violence has devastated the economy with estimated economic cost at $US240Billion PPP or nearly 400 per cent of the Syrian GDP as at 2014. Nevertheless, the question is, with the anglophone crisis gathering momentum, can Cameroon become like Syria Inversely, an appropriate question should be, what range of measures is Cameroon taking to circumvent the Syrianization of the anglophone crisis The authors research verdicts these questions in the preceding paragraphs. 

Just like in Ethiopia, the unrest in the Republic of Cameroon is rooted in the countrys history, which dates back to many years. This paper seeks to analyze the institutional and attitudinal elements on the way forward for the restoration to normalcy of the state of affairs within the national territory. It is not a recipe for apportioning blames but of principles and options to a pacific settlement of disputes within the national territory. 

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This paper trying to discuss in detail the concept of minorities and the problem of absence of an appropriate and largely accepted definition and how it is high time that these minorities needed to be protected by their respective nation states apart from that the development of these rights from the past centuries to the present position. Then in the next section the international legal protective instruments are studied. In the second last part of paper the rights from which minorities are deprived are discussed and in final section it has been concluded. 

The facilities of computer technology have not come out without drawbacks. Though it makes the life so speedy and fast, but hurled under the eclipse of threat from the deadliest type of criminality termed as Cybercrime without computers, entire businesses and government operations would almost cease to function. This proliferation of cheap, powerful, user friendly computers has enabled more and more people to use them and, more importantly, rely on them as part of their normal way of life. As businesses, government agencies, and individuals continue to rely on them more and more, so do the criminals Restriction of cybercrimes is dependent on proper analysis of their behavior and understanding of their impacts over various levels of society. Therefore, in the current manuscript a systematic understanding of cybercrimes and their impacts over various areas like Soci eco political, consumer trust, teenager etc. With the future trends of cybercrimes are explained. 

In present days, vehicular traffic is increasing throughout the world, especially in urban areas. As the number of road user's increase constantly a smart traffic control will become a very important issue in the future. Congestion in traffic is becoming a serious issue. Many vehicles are waiting at the signal for a long time due to this the time consumption is more for the human and there is a lot of problem for the people who go to their work and some to the business works. In existing system the traffic control is not according to the density, and is not reducing the effect of traffic in urban areas. The traffic signals are prepared previously fixed for some time only after that time the signal will be changed to another signal. This makes the other side roads delay for long time. In some places traffic lights did not work properly. In the proposed system by using the image processing along with the raspberry pi, the vehicle count is measured and accordingly the traffic will be reduced. Emergency vehicles like ambulance and fire are easily allowed from the traffic by using the RF transmitter and receiver. Ambulance like vehicles send the signal to the receiver and make the green signal to glow on that road. This makes the safety of the people in the ambulance and this will be applicable to fire vehicles also. IR sensors are used to avoid the crossings of the road when the red light is on. Traffic updates are monitored with help of density based traffic control system. The hardware components used in the project are raspberry pi and modules like camera, IR sensor, RF transmitter and receiver and actuator. These modules are interfaced to raspberry pi to control the traffic and maintain the output to be accurate. Software implementation is done by image processing technique back ground subtraction method. The programming language used for implementing is python language. By using this software and hardware components the implementation is done by using VNC viewer application. The program is previously dumped in the application and the module will run according to the program. 

In present days, vehicular traffic is increasing throughout the world, especially in urban areas. As the number of road user's increase constantly a smart traffic control will become a very important issue in the future. Congestion in traffic is becoming a serious issue. Many vehicles are waiting at the signal for a long time due to this the time consumption is more for the human and there is a lot of problem for the people who go to their work and some to the business works. In existing system the traffic control is not according to the density, and is not reducing the effect of traffic in urban areas. The traffic signals are prepared previously fixed for some time only after that time the signal will be changed to another signal. This makes the other side roads delay for long time. In some places traffic lights did not work properly. In the proposed system by using the image processing along with the raspberry pi, the vehicle count is measured and accordingly the traffic will be reduced. Emergency vehicles like ambulance and fire are easily allowed from the traffic by using the RF transmitter and receiver. Ambulance like vehicles send the signal to the receiver and make the green signal to glow on that road. This makes the safety of the people in the ambulance and this will be applicable to fire vehicles also. IR sensors are used to avoid the crossings of the road when the red light is on. Traffic updates are monitored with help of density based traffic control system. The hardware components used in the project are raspberry pi and modules like camera, IR sensor, RF transmitter and receiver and actuator. These modules are interfaced to raspberry pi to control the traffic and maintain the output to be accurate. Software implementation is done by image processing technique back ground subtraction method. The programming language used for implementing is python language. By using this software and hardware components the implementation is done by using VNC viewer application. The program is previously dumped in the application and the module will run according to the program.

Customers are those who avail a service of any goods and services provided by the manufacturer or service provider with due consideration of money. In the same way the moment an individual opens an account with the banker, then he becomes a customer of the bank. Then there exists a special relationship of different duties and obligations between customer and banker. In view of the various services offered by a banker these days to his customers, the relationship between a banker and customer could be of various types . for instance, when a customer leaves some articles in safe custody with the bank, the relationship is one of the bailor and bailee. On another occasion when the banker collect collects a cheque for his customer and pays money on his behalf , the relationship is of principal and agent, It means banker must do their job very efficiently, while providing these services to the customer for the purpose of any transaction. In the same way in a relationship of of debtor and creditor, when the customer took a loan advances from the bank then the banker will creditor and customer will debtor. Then it imposes a special duty obligation cast upon the customer debtor to pay the instalments at proper time, there should be no delay for paying the instalments to discharge the loan amount. Due to these reasons both the banker and customer, after enter into in this relationship they bound to each and every condition with regard to their obligations and duties. Otherwise they can avail the legal remedy against each other for any of kind breach between them. To understand more clearly about this relationships, It is important to know who is a banker and who is a customer. In this research paper researcher research that about the meaning and definitions of the banker and customer, and also about the different relations between them with duties and obligation against each other. 

In this paper, two special classes of congruence of prime modulus of higher degree are considered for formulation. Authors sincere efforts established the corresponding formulae for solutions. The congruence were not formulated earlier. Due to this formulation, it becomes an easy task to solve the said congruence orally when p is comparatively small. Formulations of the congruence is the merit of the paper. 

This project is Profile identification through facial recognition system using machine learning, based on K neighbors algorithm. The K neighbours algorithm has high detection rate and fast processing time. Once the face is detected, feature extraction on the face is performed using histogram of oriented gradients which essentially stores the edges of the face as well as the directionality of those edges. Histogram of oriented gradients is an effective form of feature extraction due its high performance in normalizing local contrast. Lastly, training and classification of the facial databases is done where each unique face in the facial database is a class. We attempt to use this facial recognition system on two sets of databases and will analyse the results and then provide the profile of an individual which is written in the Data base created in Firebase. 

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Childhood is an important formative stage of human development as it hold the potential to the future development of any society. Children who are brought up in an environment which is conducive to their intellectual, physical, social health, grow up to responsible and productive member of society. The time has come to reexamine the saying, “spare the rod and spoil the child”. Children are at the receiving end of the rod both at their on homes and schools from parents, Teachers and non teaching school authorities. Child abuse has many forms physical, emotional, sexual, neglect and exploitation. These are potentially or actually harmful the childs health, survival, dignity and development are abuse. Child sexual abuse is a serious problem in India as it is in many parts of world today. Abuse can be conducted by an adult or another child who is developmentally superior to the victim. This includes using the child for pornography, sexual material, prostitution and unlawful sexual practices. Emotional abuse is also act of causing harm to childs development. when they could have been within reasonable control of person responsible for the child. 

India is one of the largest democratic country in the world. It has a systematic education system which has a huge demand. But after 67 years of independence of India we are away from the goal of universal literacy. Till now, SC ST Woman rural people etc. are considered as deprived social group of our society in every side. They are suffering from a lot of problems and cannot go ahead of course. Government of India be either announces many welfare schemes for weaker section of our society time to time. These schemes could be either central, state specific or a joint collaboration between centre and state. 

AIM A study on food habits and social habits as risk factors among patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty PTCA OBJECTIVE To know the association of food habits and social habits as risk factors for PTCA. To observe various co morbidities among the patients To study the bio chemical parameters in patients such as heamoglobin, PVC, platelet count, bilirubin levels. To observe various social habits in the patient, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Food consumption pattern. METHODOLOGY The sample population n = 60 of 28 80 years of age were chosen from a multi speciality hospital in Hyderabad. All the patients were of different age groups, sex, socio economic status, ethnicity with different co morbidities. A pre tested format consisting of patients profile, subjective data, objective data, biochemical data, medications and 24 hour dietary recall followed by medical nutrition therapy during the hospital stay. RESULTS Among n=60 subjects from 28 80 years of age, the detailed study identified the common risk factors with respect to cardiovascular diseases. The study showed a higher percentage of age from 28 70 years and is mostly in males. Majority of the patients are with increased BMI and are alcholics smokers. Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes are predominant and dietary patterns recorded are mostly non vegetarians with high calorie, high fat and high protein consumption. CONCLUSION From the result it is very clear that majority of the patients studied with cardiovascular diseases belong to the age group 28 70 years and is mostly seen in males. Majority of them are accompanied with co morbidities with obesity, hypertension and diabetic. And predominantly follow a high calorie and high fat diet .Thus leading to a conclusion that consumption of high calorie and high fat food, presence of co morbidities and smoking could be the risk factors of PTCA. 

Unlike a traditional way, competency based language learning and teaching become influential in the education sector. This paper focuses on introduction to competency based language teaching to undergraduate students in universities. To reflect the subject matter, the definition of competency and characteristics of competency are presented. It is followed by course goals and learning objectives and instructional outcomes which are the foundation of Blended course design. Also, the teacher roles in competency based education and instructional strategies for undergraduate students to achieve the learning objectives are also discussed. methods of assessing student learning are also presented to gain evidence that the students are able to meet their learning goals. 

Human Resources Management is a function in organizations formulated to augment employee performance in service of an employers strategic objectives. An employee is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors at work and his her success depends on how he she overcomes those factors and creates a good name in the Organization among his her peers. Knowledge process outsourcing KPO describes the outsourcing of core information related business activities which are competitively crucial and forms an essential part of a companys value chain. KPO requires strengthened analytical and technical skills as well as a high degree of specialist expertise. Stress in the workplace has the potential to impact employees of all categories, and managers as well as other kinds of workers who are vulnerable to work overload. However, less powerful employees those who have less control over their jobs are more likely to experience stress than employees with more power. 

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