International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development

Nigeria apex bank Central Bank of Nigeria CBN has continued to battle with the job of reviving the ailing economy and putting it on the path of growth. The economy has witnessed unprecedented job loss, rising poverty level, accelerating inflation, sluggish economic growth and disequilibrium in the balance of trade. The study therefore examine the effect of monetary policy on trade balance in Nigeria. Specifically the study ascertained the extent to which inflation, demand deposit, liquidity ratio, exchange rate and interest rate have influenced trade balance in Nigeria using an econometric regression model of the Ordinary Least Square OLS . From the result of the OLS, it is observed that monetary policy rate, demand deposit, liquidity ratio and exchange rate have a significant positive impact on foreign trade in Nigeria. This means that increases in monetary policy rate, demand deposit, liquidity ratio and exchange rate, will lead to increase in foreign trade in Nigeria. On the other, inflation rate and interest rate has a significant negative impact on foreign trade in Nigeria, meaning that as inflation rate and interest rate increases, will be bring about a decline in foreign trade in Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, the study recommends that the government should employ a contractionary monetary policy to fight inflation by reducing the money supply in the country through decreased bond price. inflation, demand deposit, liquidity ratio, exchange rate and interest rate have influenced trade balance in Nigeria. The government should intervene in the foreign exchange market in order to build reserves for themselves or provide them to the bank to help stabilize the exchange rate. The government should strive to improve trade performance in the short and long run. They should also reduce government spending and tax capital inflow. 

Edokobi, Tonna David | Okpala, Ngozi Eugenia | Okoye, Nonso John "Monetary Policy and Trade Balance in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45080.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/45080/monetary-policy-and-trade-balance-in-nigeria/edokobi-tonna-david

callforpapersocialscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforsocialscience, socialsciencejournal

Extant literature revealed that international trade plays a key role to address the economic phenomena and can help to earn foreign exchange. Despite the accruable benefits from international trade and the countrys huge oil export that account for about 90 of its foreign exchange earnings, Nigerias trade balance and exchange rate remain unfavourable. The persistent rise in Nigerias exchange rate and unfavourable trade balance in recent time warrants an empirical probe. This study therefore examines the effect of exchange rate, domestic income, foreign income, consumption expenditure, money supply and interest rate on trade balance using a secondary time series data covering a period of thirty years from 1991 2020. The study employed a regression technique of the Ordinary Least Square OLS . All data used were secondary data obtained from the statistical bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria CBN and National Bureau of Statistics NBS annual publications. After determining stationarity of the study variables using the ADF Statistic, it was discovered that the variables were all integrated at level, first and second difference, and found out to be stationary at their first difference. The study also using Johansen Cointegration Test, found that there is a long run relationship between the variables. Hence, the implication of this result is that there is a long run relationship between trade balance and other variables used in the model. From the result of the OLS, it is observed that exchange rate, domestic income, foreign income and money supply have a positive and significant impact on trade balance in Nigeria. The study recommends that the government should fixed or peg on the exchange rate through the central bank. This will enable the government to buy and sell its own currency against the currency to which it is pegged. The government should strive to reduce inflation to make exports more competitive. The government should also enhance supply side policies to increase long term competitiveness. 

by Edokobi, Tonna David | Okpala, Ngozi Eugenia | Okoye, Nonso John "Exchange Rate and Trade Balance Nexus" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45079.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/45079/exchange-rate-and-trade-balance-nexus/edokobi-tonna-david

callforpaperlanguages, languagesjournal, bestjournal

The study evaluated the role of bilateral institutions in capacity building with a focus on the European Union Support for Reforming Institutions Programme EU SRIP in Anambra State. The study examined relevance of EU SRIP goals, effect of EU SRIP on enhancement of civil servants competence in public finance management and challenges facing implementation of EU SRIP in Anambra State. Data were collected from 330 senior civil servants from two purposively selected ministries Ministries of Finance and Economic Planning and Budget. Mean, frequency counts and tables were used to present and describe collected data. Also hypotheses were tested through the application of t tests at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the goals of EU SRIP were in line with critical capacity building needs of Anambra State public finance management that EU SRIP had positive effect on the fiscal management competence enhancement of civil servants. The study therefore, recommends among others a simplification of operational procedures of EU SRIP to make it easier for government official at state and local governments to key in. 

by Grace C. Madubuike | Prof. M. C. Muo "Role of Bilateral Institutions in Capacity Building: A Study of EU-SRIP in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44943.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/44943/role-of-bilateral-institutions-in-capacity-building-a-study-of-eusrip-in-anambra-state-nigeria/grace-c-madubuike

callforpapereconomics, economicsjournal

The contribution of small and medium enterprises SMEs is very critical to the growth and development of a developing region like South South Nigeria. The objective of this study is to access the relationship that exists between capacity management and survival of small and medium enterprises SMEs in South South Nigeria. Survey method was used for this study while random sampling technique was adopted. Paired T test and Cronbach Alpha via statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 22 were used to analyse the data. Primary data were collected using the questionnaire as the primary research instrument. Findings showed that inventory level, level of employee skills and number of employees were significantly related with SMEs’ survival at 5 significantly level. In view of the above findings, this study concluded that effective capacity management is the fulcrum on which survival of SMEs revolves. The study therefore recommends among others that SMEs should give more serious attention to capacity management strategies in a bid to enhancing the survival of SMEs in South South Nigeria 

Musah Ishaq | Momoh Imonikhe Suleman "Capacity Management and Survival of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South-South Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43933.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/43933/capacity-management-and-survival-of-selected-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-southsouth-nigeria/musah-ishaq

ugclistedjournals, indexedjournal, paperpublication

Effect of development centers on education service delivery in selected rural communities in Ebonyi State was undertaken with a view to address the perceived challenges of development centers towards the improvement of lives in rural communities in the state through effective and efficient education service delivery. Among the objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of development Centres on education Service Delivery which affected development in most rural communities in Ebonyi State. The study adopted descriptive survey research. Five thousand, nine hundred and ninety four staff and community heads were selected from fifty one development centers selected based on the number of DCs drawn from the three geopolitical zones out of sixty four development centers in Ebonyi State, using Taro Yamani formula to determine the sample size of three hundred and seventy five. The hypotheses were analyzed using Pearson Product moment correlation coefficient to show the relationship between development centers and service delivery in the development of communities in Ebonyi State. From the data analysis made, the result revealed among others that variable as funding, appointment of relatives as coordinators, and legal provisions are major challenges of development centers towards educational service delivery in the development of communities in Ebonyi State. The study concludes that despite weakness of development centers, the recognition and importance of development centers in developmental process is necessary because of its imperativeness in tackling community development through educational service delivery in Ebonyi State. The study further recommend as follow The establishment of Development centers should be abolished since it can no longer stand the taste of its creation. Government should change the Development Centers structures to educational structures so to cushion the effect of those schools that lack infrastructures. Unnecessary state government interference into local government affairs should be reviewed to curb the conflicts existing between the two tiers of government etc. 

Prof. Ewuim Christiana Ngozi | Nwire Sunday Oscar | Nwakamma Michael Chibuzor "Effect of Development Centres on Educational Service Delivery in Selected Rural Communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43730.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/43730/effect-of-development-centres-on-educational-service-delivery-in-selected-rural-communities-in-ebonyi-state-nigeria/prof-ewuim-christiana-ngozi

callforpapertechnology, technologyjournal

This study aimed to assess the community relation program and peace process maintenance. To find out the relationship between community relations program and peace process maintenance of PNP in Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte in the first and second quarters of the calendar year 2011. The descriptive correlational method of research was used in the study with the aid of the questionnaire checklist. There were 99 barangays official respondents and 99 police personnel – respondents to the study. Data were analyzed using the frequency counting, percentage, weighted mean, single factor Analysis of Variance ANOVA , Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation, and the t test. The study revealed that the community relations program was implemented much effectively by the barangay officials in Dipolog City while its peace process maintenance was well–maintained by the police law implementers. It was also revealed that there was a significantly low level of relationship between community relations program implementation and peace process maintenance. 

by Manuel P. Calibo II | Edgardo S. Cabalida | Anna Rose A. Cabalida | Rogelio A. Lovina, jr. | Allan Z. Caw-it | Leo C. Naparota | Johana J. Abdula "Community Relations Program in Relation to Peace Process Maintenance of the Philippine National Police" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42470.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/public-sector-management/42470/community-relations-program-in-relation-to-peace-process-maintenance-of-the-philippine-national-police/manuel-p-calibo-ii

ugclistedjournals, paperpublication