International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development

On 11 Mar 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak a global pandemic. In times of an epidemic, people tend to experience fear of getting infected with the virus disease resulting in anxiety, stress, and depression, etc. The present study was a cross sectional survey with a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected through electronic means. Link to the survey was posted on various social media platforms and circulated through emails and instant messaging applications and data was collected by using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale DASS 21 . it was found that the overall DASS mean score of participants with positive history of corona virus disease was significantly higher than those with negative history. In depression subscale, anxiety subscale and stress subscale the mean score of depression subscale, anxiety subscale and stress subscale was significantly higher in participants with positive history of corona virus disease than those with negative history. 

by Mrs. Pooja Dhasmana | Mr. Saurabh kumar "Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid-19 Outbreak: A Comparative Study" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42585.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/physiology/42585/anxiety-depression-and-stress-among-general-population-during-covid19-outbreak-a-comparative-study/mrs-pooja-dhasmana

callforpapertechnology, technologyjournal

Background Aim Loneliness due to social isolation is a source of psychological stress in adults. This study evaluated the impact of social Isolation on serum sodium and cortisol level in male wistar ratsMethods Sixteen male wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups n = 8 , Group 1 served as control. And were socially housed. Group 2 consisted of eight individually caged Wistar rats. The animals had access to food and water ad libitum and their level of physical activity was observed. After six weeks of Isolation, blood was collected from the animals via ocular puncture for Serum Cortisol and Sodium ion analysis, all data was analysed using SPSS software version 25.0. Values were considered significant at P 0.05.Results Results showed significant increase in the mean cortisol 33.82 ± 1.17 , decrease in mean sodium ion 113.875 ± 5.24 and negative correlation between sodium and cortisol.Conclusion The results from this study have shown that social isolation is a source of psychological stress which leads to depression and hyponatraemia. 

by Uzoma Reichmann Iheanyi | Ufearo Chibueze Steven | Njoku-Oji Nancy Njideka | Okonkwo Chukwudi Onyeka | Muorah Chinecherem Onyekachi | Umeasiegbu Adaobi Chidinma "Impact of Social Isolation on Serum Sodium and Cortisol Level in male Wistar Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46294.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/46294/impact-of-social-isolation-on-serum-sodium-and-cortisol-level-in-male-wistar-rats/uzoma-reichmann-iheanyi

internationaljournalsinengineering, callforpaperengineering, ugcapprovedengineeringjournal 

The study focused on the comparative determination of the effects of the combination of leaf extracts of Carica papaya CP and Vernonia amygdalina VA and Artemether based combination therapy ACTs on Plasmodium berghei infected male wistar rats. Fifty 50 male wistar rats, weighing 100 to 150g, were allotted into 5 groups n=7 . Group 2 negative control was infected but not treated, groups 3 5 which were infected received 250mg kg b.w each of CP and VA in combination and 4mg kg b.w of the two reference ACTs. Treatment was done orally once daily for 3 consecutive days, after which the animals were sacrificed and haematological analysis carried out. Afterwards, an observatory period of 7 days commenced after which another round of sacrifice was done.Before treatment, parasitemia count of animals in groups 3 5 was substantially p 0.05 higher when juxtaposed with group 2. AST and ALT activities were significantly p 0.05 elevated in group 3 5 when matched with group 2. Plasmodium berghei induction meaningfully p 0.05 lowered white blood cell WBC at all groups. After treatment, the extracts and drug which notably p 0.05 lowered plasmodium count, RBC, WBC, PCV, Hb and Platelet levels, did not meaningfully p 0.05 affect the activities of ALP, AST and ALT. After 7 days of observation, the extracts and drug efficaciously p 0.05 reduced plasmodium count, WBC and ALP activity further at all groups. These results indicate that the leaf extracts in combination are as efficacious as the ACTs. 

by Ajeka Prisca Ojochogu | Igbokwe Ugochukwu Vincent | Okonkwo Onyeka Chukwudi | Nnyaha Anthonia. E. | Ikechukwu Samuel Nwaisaac | Okpa Precious Nwaka "Combination Therapy of Carica Papaya and Vernonia Amygdalina Leaf Extracts are as Efficacious as Acts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46293.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/46293/combination-therapy-of-carica-papaya-and-vernonia-amygdalina-leaf-extracts-are-as-efficacious-as-acts/ajeka-prisca-ojochogu

internationaljournalsofcomputerscience, callforpapercomputerscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforcomputerscience 

Malaria is a major concern in Nigeria, and stands as the second leading cause of death from all infectious disease in Africa. Several studies have reported the damaging effect of the parasite to various body organs especially the liver. Reports over time has shown the benefits of various plants extracts in ethno medicine. However, not much have been done on the effects of some of these extracts in combined form on its hepato protective assessment in comparison with any known ACT based anti malaria. The focus of this study was to explore the hepato protective properties of ethanoic extract of Carica papaya Linn, AzadirachtaIndica, CymbopogonCitratusagainst ACT based antimalarial therapy on plasmodium berghei parasitized wistar rats. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts were done according to the method described by Treaseand Evans. Hepato protective assessment were done using the liver function tests and assay of the liver histology respectively. One hundred and ten 110 rats distributed into 11 groups, each group having 10rats were used for the experiment. Negative control received just feed and water, Positive control were induced with the malaria parasite and given feed and water only. The tests groups were induced with malaria, received feed and water and treated with 500mg kg, 250mg kg and 165mg kg doses of the extracts, both individually and in combined forms, as well as the standard ACT anti malaria. Phytochemical screening showed that the plant extracts possessed high concentration of Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins and Alkaloids. Plasmodium berghei increased the activities of ALP, ASP and ALT when compared with the positive control group. This may be attributed to increase in functional capacity of the liver as a result of the presence of the infection for the tests groups. Treatment with the plant extracts decreased ALP and ALT levels significantly P 0.05 , as well as AST levels except for the Neem extract. Histological examination of the liver of test animals showed no extensive damage to the tissue by the individual extracts when compared to the negative control group. 

by Nnyaha Anthonia E. | Igbokwe Ugochukwu V. | Okonkwo Onyeka Chukwudi | Ajeka Prisca O. | Nwaissac Ikechukwu S. | Okpa Precious N. "Hepato-Protective Assessment of Pawpaw Leaves, Neem, Lemon Grass and Acts on Plasmodium Berghei Parasitized Wistar Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46292.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/46292/hepatoprotective-assessment-of-pawpaw-leaves-neem-lemon-grass-and-acts-on-plasmodium-berghei-parasitized-wistar-rats/nnyaha-anthonia-e

internationaljournalsofcomputerscience, callforpapercomputerscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforcomputerscience 

Ever since the COVID 19 lockdown, teaching and assessment methods in medical education have been shifted to virtual lines. Students’ feedback provides the perfect criteria for analyzing the effectiveness of online assessments. The present study has been done to evaluate the fruitfulness of online assessments from students’ point of view. After taking informed consent, keeping the identity anonymous, a self developed questionnaire with ten questions were provided to the students by google form. The responses were evaluated. 120 students participated in the study 75girls, 45boys with age ranging from 17 23 years. 63.3 students selected pen and paper examination option as the best suited for the theoretical knowledge. 54.5 replied that objective tests can be done online. 59.1 found the advantage to see the grade and revise immediately after the online test. Most of them replied in their own words, that more time has to be allotted for online assessment which is needed to upload their documents. To conclude, majority of the students opined that online assessment may not be the panacea for e learning during this pandemic. They expressed their inclination more towards the traditional pen and paper examination. 

by Dr. R. Ravi Sunder | Dr. B. Ramesh | Dr. I. Jyothi Padmaja | Dr. Neelima. P "Is Online Assessment the Panacea for E-Learning During this Pandemic? -Medical Students’ Outlook" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38655.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/38655/is-online-assessment-the-panacea-for-elearning-during-this-pandemic-medical-students’-outlook/dr-r-ravi-sunder

ugclistedjournals, paperpublication

Jugular foramen is seen at the base of the skull behind the carotid canal. It transmits 9,10,11 cranial nerves and internal jugular vein. Variations in the shape of the jugular foramen may compress these vital structures. The present study was done to determine the anomalous shapes of jugular foramen in dried skulls. When the dried skulls from the department of Anatomy at a private medical college were observed, two skulls were found to show anomalies in their shapes bilaterally. One skull exhibited a complete partition on left side dividing the foramen into two. Another skull was found to have incomplete partitions to such an extent that they could compress the vital structures passing through them. Vernet’s syndrome a jugular foramen syndrome may be due to inappropriate bone growth leading to partition or anomalous shape of the jugular foramen. The present study demonstrates two dried skulls with anomalous shapes and partition of the jugular foramen. 

by Dr. Neelima. P | Dr. R. Ravi Sunder "Anomalous Shapes of Jugular Foramen in Dried Skulls - Anatomical Basis of Vernet’s Syndrome" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38638.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/38638/anomalous-shapes-of-jugular-foramen-in-dried-skulls--anatomical-basis-of-vernet’s-syndrome/dr-neelima-p

callforpaperpharmacy, pharmacyjournal, internationalpeerreviewedjournal

Online learning has become the mainstay during this COVID 19 lockdown. Students in the professional courses had to adjust themselves to the new teaching method. The present study has been conducted to evaluate and compare the metaphor of thought by the medical and dental students regarding online teaching. A self directed questionnaire was given to 200 participants 120 medical, 80 dental by Google form. Students were between 17 23 years age, pursuing their first year. Questions were given under five subheadings with three options'yes’, 'somewhat’ and 'no’. The responses were analyzed. 47.9 medical and 31.6 dental students replied 'yes’ for blended learning. 40 medical and 30.9 dental students opined there was no contentment with the subject. Mentors advice was useful for 44.4 medical and 59.9 dental students. Only 6.8 medical and 19.1 dental students could be able to manage time.26.8 medical and 13.4 dental students were satisfied with the clarity on the subject. Mixed responses were given by medical and dental students. Medical students preferred blended learning than dental students. Mentors advice was more helpful for dental students. Most of the medical students could manage time when compared to dental students. This study represents the opinion of medical and dental students for online learning.

by Dr. R. Ravi Sunder | Dr. I. Jyothi Padmaja | Dr. Neelima. P "Metaphor of Thought on Online Teaching during Lockdown by Medical and Dental Students- A Comparative Study" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38640.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/38640/metaphor-of-thought-on-online-teaching-during-lockdown-by-medical-and-dental-students-a-comparative-study/dr-r-ravi-sunder

callforpapertechnology, technologyjournal